经贸知识英语 上海市（2000.4） Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions（10%） 1）From English into Chinese a.common pool b.Consignment Contract c.EDI d.compensation trade e.net positions 2）From Chinese into English a.增值税 b.缓冲库存贷款 c.宽限期 d.外汇市场 e.免除条款 Ⅱ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right. There are two additional choices on the right（6%） 1）primary commodities 2）fluctuation 3）remittance 4）insurance policy 5）expertise 6）tariff a.one of the regular sums paid in order to be insured b.a document covering possible risks between the insurer and the insured c.those commodities not processed or only slightly processed, including farm produce and raw materials d.the irregular movement of prices, levels, etc. upwards downwards e.an official schedule of customs duties imposed by a government on imports or exports f.the sending of money or the money sent g.a document for the general description of the goods and the price h.expert knowledge or skill, especially in a particular field Ⅲ.Make brief explanations of the following terms in English（24%） 1.proximate cause 2.irrevocable credit 3.commercial invoice 4.transfer of technology 5.transportation deregulation 6.host government Ⅳ.Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list（10%） Protectionists、passed、lengthening、shipping、cheaply、competition、retaliated、protect、raised、offset、costly、 reducing Despite the many benefits to trade, there are barriers to it. One is a natural barrier-distance. Suppose a product can be produced more（1）_________ in China than in the United States. The cost of（2）__________ it to the United States might more than（3）__________ the lower production cost. The big problem, however, is the created barrier to trade--tariff and non-tariff barriers. These barriers are created by governments that want to（4）__________ the domestic market for domestic firms.（5）__________， regardless of the country in which they live, want to protect their domestic industries, firms and jobs from foreign（6）__________ by establishing trade barriers. Protectionist sentiment（情绪）seems to grow especially during hard economic times. Congress（7）__________ the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act in 1930, early in Great Depression, in the hope that it would reduce competition from foreign products. Tariffs were（8）__________ so much that they helped to cause a global trade war. Thus, the trading partners of U.S.（9）__________ by raising their tariffs on U.S. goods. Many people believe that Smoot-Hawley was a major factor in（10）__________ the global depression of the 1930s. Ⅴ.Translate the following into Chinese（15%） A cartel（卡特尔）is a group of firms in different counties that agree to operate as a monopoly by regulating production and prices. Instead of competing, cartel members agree to limit output, to share markets, and to fix prices. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries（OPEC）is a cartel. The International Coffee Organization, the 72-nation cartel that set coffee prices for more than 27 years, officially went out of existence in 1989. Although cartels are illegal in the United States, it may be legal for US-based firms to join in such agreements in foreign markets if participation does not affect the U.S. market. Ⅵ.Translate the following into English（25%） 1.汇票是一种无条件的支付命令。开出汇票的人被称作出票人，接受汇票的人被称作受票人。 2.出口商在发出实盘时，一定要提及装运期、付款方式和有效期。 3.尽管有很多好处，对销贸易可能被认为是贸易保护主义的一种表现形式。 4.证券交易所是证券发行和交易的中心市场。 5.补偿和应急基金贷款始建于1998年8月，其宗旨是帮助会员国调整其经济增长。 Ⅶ.Answer the following questions in English（10%） What is theory of comparative advantage? Why is this theory better than the theory of absolute advantage?